If so, what would that mean for the global economy? And how can we preserve the gains from economic openness within a more fragmented world?
In fact, I will take this congress’ question a step further and ask: are we on the brink of Cold War II? The historian Niall Ferguson argues that we already are. The overarching question of this congress is “Are we at a turning point?” It is an honor to speak at the 20 th World Congress of the International Economic Association. Plenary Speech by IMF First Managing Deputy Director Gita GopinathĢ0th World Congress of the International Economic Association
